{"id":2818,"date":"2017-02-23T12:13:58","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T20:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bien.nceas.ucsb.edu\/bien\/?page_id=2818"},"modified":"2026-07-06T06:27:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T14:27:54","slug":"data-contributors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bien.nceas.ucsb.edu\/bien\/data-contributors\/","title":{"rendered":"Data contributors"},"content":{"rendered":"<section style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0f3d2e 0%,#1b5e43 55%,#2d6a4f 100%);border-radius:10px;padding:26px 26px 22px 26px;margin:0 auto 22px auto;max-width:980px;box-shadow:0 8px 22px rgba(15,61,46,0.22);\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#bcd8c8;\">Data Contributors<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:0 0 10px 0;line-height:1.2;color:#ffffff;font-size:28px;\">Sources and collections that make BIEN possible<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:16px;color:#e4efe8;max-width:840px;\">BIEN 4.2 integrates data from herbaria, vegetation-plot networks, citizen-science streams, and partner databases. We gratefully acknowledge every contributing source.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<style>\n.bien-subhead-l{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.2;color:#1f5b40;margin-top:1.3rem;margin-bottom:0.65rem;letter-spacing:-0.01em;}\n.bien-subhead-m{font-size:1.55rem;line-height:1.25;color:#1f5b40;margin-top:1.1rem;margin-bottom:0.55rem;letter-spacing:-0.01em;}\n@media (max-width: 760px){ .bien-subhead-l{font-size:1.62rem;} .bien-subhead-m{font-size:1.28rem;} }\n.bien-side-gallery{float:right;width:min(34%,360px);margin:0 0 1rem 1.25rem;padding:0.75rem;background:#f7faf7;border:1px solid #d7e7da;border-radius:10px;}\n.bien-side-gallery h4{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2;color:#1f5b40;margin:0 0 0.55rem 0;}\n.bien-print{margin:0 0 0.8rem 0;}\n.bien-print:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n.bien-print img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #cfe0d2;}\n.bien-print figcaption{font-size:0.82rem;line-height:1.35;color:#355347;margin-top:0.38rem;}\n.bien-print a{color:#1f5b40;text-decoration:underline;}\n@media (max-width: 980px){.bien-side-gallery{float:none;width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0.5rem 0 1rem 0;}}\n<\/style>\n<aside class=\"bien-side-gallery\" aria-label=\"Public domain botanical prints\">\n<h4>Botanical print selection<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"bien-print\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Koeh-146.jpg\" alt=\"Public domain botanical print from K\u00f6hler's Medizinal-Pflanzen\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>Public domain plate from K\u00f6hler's <em>Medizinal-Pflanzen<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Koeh-146.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bien-print\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Koeh-208.jpg\" alt=\"Public domain botanical illustration from K\u00f6hler's Medizinal-Pflanzen\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>Public domain botanical illustration via Wikimedia Commons. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Koeh-208.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bien-print\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Koeh-033.jpg\" alt=\"Historic botanical print in public domain\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>Historic public domain print (late 19th century), Wikimedia Commons. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Koeh-033.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/aside>\n<h3 style=\"color:#2d6a4f;margin-top:0.2rem;\">BIEN 4.2 contribution footprint<\/h3>\n<p>The BIEN 4.2 release includes <strong>284,466,171<\/strong> occurrence records assembled from multiple contributor pathways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>73,927,842<\/strong> from herbarium specimens<\/li>\n<li><strong>153,551,098<\/strong> from citizen science (for example, iNaturalist)<\/li>\n<li><strong>17,247,823<\/strong> from vegetation plots<\/li>\n<li><strong>25,932,454<\/strong> trait measurements (54 standardized traits)<\/li>\n<li><strong>39,358,991<\/strong> from other\/additional sources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>BIEN 4.2 also includes <strong>363,258<\/strong> surveyed vegetation plots, <strong>380,417<\/strong> trait observation studies, and range products for <strong>98,829<\/strong> species in the BIEN Americas maps plus <strong>289,743<\/strong> global OpenRange maps.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"bien-subhead-l\">Contributor lists<\/h3>\n<p>Explore the current contributor rosters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bien.nceas.ucsb.edu\/bien\/data-contributors\/all\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>All data contributors<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bien.nceas.ucsb.edu\/bien\/data-contributors\/herbaria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Herbaria contributors<\/strong><\/a> (including institutions listed in <a href=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/ih\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Index Herbariorum<\/strong><\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"margin:26px 0;border:none;border-top:1px solid #e0e8e3;\" \/>\n<h3 class=\"bien-subhead-l\">BIEN data and database description<\/h3>\n<p>BIEN data mainly comprise herbarium collections, ecological plots and surveys, and trait observations. This page summarizes those inputs in a website-friendly format aligned with Enquist et al. (2026). Additional technical detail can be provided as a dedicated supplementary web page.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data source references:<\/strong> specimen source details in Maitner et al. (2017); full provider listings via BIEN contributor pages above. A public GitHub link for complete supplementary tables can be posted after double-blind review.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"bien-subhead-m\">Botanical data within BIEN<\/h4>\n<p>BIEN integrates observation data from herbaria, citizen science, ecological plots\/surveys, and trait records.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"bien-subhead-m\">Herbaria and citizen science observations<\/h4>\n<p>BIEN 4.2.8 (BIEN metadata database version) includes data from major botanical aggregators and partner sources, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rainbio.cesab.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RAINBIO<\/a> (georeferenced vascular plant occurrences for sub-Saharan tropical Africa)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Botanic Garden Sydney<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.neotroptree.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NeoTropTree<\/a> (Neotropical tree flora)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>BIEN currently integrates records from <strong>804 herbaria<\/strong>, many listed in <a href=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/ih\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Index Herbariorum<\/a>. A GBIF access snapshot referenced for BIEN is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15468\/dl.87zyez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15468\/dl.87zyez<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The complete herbarium-code list is maintained as supplementary content rather than embedded inline on this page for readability.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"color:#2d6a4f;\">Plot and ecological survey observations<\/h4>\n<p>BIEN includes data from multiple plot and ecological-survey networks, including CTFS\/ForestGEO, Carolina Vegetation Survey (CVS), US Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), SALVIAS, TEAM, VegBank, New Zealand NVS Databank, and MADIDI.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"color:#2d6a4f;\">Trait data and observations<\/h4>\n<p>Trait observations are compiled from published studies and curated data sources. Supporting resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trait summary table: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bmaitner\/BIEN_4.2_update_ms\/blob\/main\/tables\/trait_counts.csv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trait_counts.csv<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Summary-generation code: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bmaitner\/BIEN_4.2_update_ms\/blob\/main\/1_BIEN_stats.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1_BIEN_stats.R<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Citation-generation code: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bmaitner\/BIEN_4.2_update_ms\/blob\/main\/4_BIEN_complete_citations.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4_BIEN_complete_citations.R<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"color:#2d6a4f;\">BIEN species range maps<\/h4>\n<p>BIEN range products are generated using species distribution modeling workflows that combine occurrence records with climatic and edaphic predictors at gridded resolution, while excluding spatial and environmental outliers and limiting extrapolation outside training domains. Species are modeled with different methods depending on record availability (for example, Poisson point process models for larger samples and conservative range-bagging for sparse data), with model evaluation using pAUC, TSS, and sensitivity. This framework is designed to balance ecological realism with conservative prediction for under-sampled species.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"bien-subhead-l\">Citation and source tables<\/h3>\n<p>These BIEN 4.2 totals follow Enquist et al. (2026): <em>BIEN: A biodiversity informatics ecosystem advancing open and reproducible workflows for plant observation, plot and trait data<\/em>, <em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution<\/em>, 17(5), 1556-1584. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.70274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1111\/2041-210X.70274<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Release source tables and breakdowns are available at Zenodo: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18391931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.5281\/zenodo.18391931<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The BIEN team is deeply appreciative of all data providers and curators whose contributions make this resource possible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Contributors Sources and collections that make BIEN possible BIEN 4.2 integrates data from herbaria, vegetation-plot networks, citizen-science streams, and partner databases. We gratefully acknowledge every contributing source. Botanical print selection Public domain plate from K\u00f6hler's Medizinal-Pflanzen. Source. Public domain botanical illustration via Wikimedia Commons. Source. Historic public domain print (late 19th century), Wikimedia Commons. 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